yoga

Chapter 02, Verse 50

बुद्धियुक्तो जहातीह उभे सुकृतदुष्कृते |

तस्माद्योगाय युज्यस्व योगः कर्मसु कौशलम् || 50 ||

buddhi-yukto jahatiha ubhe sukrta-duskrte |
tasmad yogaya yujyasva yogah karmasu kausalam || 50 ||

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
बुद्धि-युक्तः (buddhi-yuktah)
Endowed with wisdom
जहाति (jahati)
Gives up, renounces
इह (iha)
In this world
उभे (ubhe)
Both
सुकृत-दुष्कृते (sukrta-duskrte)
Good and bad deeds
तस्मात् (tasmat)
Therefore
योगाय (yogaya)
For yoga
युज्यस्व (yujyasva)
Become engaged, unite
योगः (yogah)
Yoga
कर्मसु (karmasu)
In actions
कौशलम् (kausalam)
Skillfulness, excellence

Translation

            “One who is established in wisdom renounces both good and bad results in this life. Therefore, strive for yoga; yoga is excellence in action.”

Context of the Verse

          Krishna explains the power of Karma Yoga; acting wisely and skilfully without attachment to results.

Key Teachings in This Verse

            Freedom from duality (ubhe sukrta-duskrte jahati); a person who practices wisdom-based action is not bound by good or bad karma. Both merit (sukrta) and sin (duskrta) lose their hold because such a person acts without selfish motives.

            Yoga is excellence in action (yogah karmasu kausalam); true yoga is not abandoning action but performing it with skill and detachment. A yogi acts with intelligence, precision, and selflessness, without being disturbed by success or failure.

            The path to liberation (Tasmad Yogaya Yujyasva); Krishna advises Arjuna to engage in Yoga because it leads to liberation from karma and suffering. Instead of worrying about the battle’s outcome, Arjuna should focus on performing his duty skilfully and wisely.

Relevance to Arjuna

            Krishna tells Arjuna that true mastery lies in skilful, detached action. Instead of being weighed down by doubts and desires, Arjuna should fight as an act of duty, without ego or expectation. This is the path to liberation.

Explanation

            The best way to perform any action is called yoga. So, somebody can do the activity called sin, which is stealing and, breaking the laws of nature, known as druskriti. So Krishna is telling not to druskriti but he is also saying here ‘ughhh sukriti dushe’ do not do sukriti; do not do good deeds either.

            Now a person can ask why Krishna is saying ‘sukriti diskrete’. I will not do bad deeds. Because as we discussed in the previous verse. Are so-called good deeds also prohibited? And we can understand from a different perspective: will any good activity stop our death? Will it stop our diseases? Will it stop our diseases? No. It means that even that activity is sinful; otherwise, nature will not kill us. So, any activity that does not stop our death is actually sinful. If any person is given capital punishment to be hanged till death, it means he has done a wrong act. So, we have to understand that any activity which does not stop our death, old age and disease is bad. So why is good activity also called bad?

            What is good activity? All the resources belong to God. Now those you want to use should be directly in the service of others without engaging them in the service of God. Thus, it is bad. But still it is recommended because at least you start thinking about others, you do not remain on a very low platform of animal consciousness. My life, my resources for myself; at least you start thinking about others. So such pious activities are recommended. But even if you do pious good, charitable, noble activities, what you will have been a good birth with good material facilities and, enjoyment in the next life, but whatever enjoyment and material facilities we have. We may become very educated, beautiful, and successful. And then we may have a big house for ourselves, but instead of suffering from COVID in a small house, you will suffer from COVID in a big house; suffering will not go.

            You may be less educated. You may attract a life partner who is also less educated or less beautiful. If you have a beautiful, attractive body, a learned person can attract a life partner who is both beautiful and learned. But fights with the life partner will happen. The pain will always be there. So, you fight with a less educated life partner or more educated life partners. Similarly, death will also accompany old age, which has its own company. Thus, if a person is wise, he understands that so-called good activities do not solve the problems of life.

            One should not engage in both good and bad activities because both entangle us in the laws of karma; as soon as we perform any activity, we produce a reaction to that activity that we have to suffer or enjoy in a material body, and as soon as we take a material body, it means birth, death, old age and disease. These miseries follow. So, Krishna is telling us to rise above good activity and bad activity. Simply do the activities in yoga, in Buddha, and yoga in Krishna consciousness.

            So, when the activity is done only for the satisfaction of the Supreme God, then such activity is called neither good nor bad; such activities are called akarma. It does not bring any material reaction. It brings spiritual reaction. You become spiritually happy and are liberated from the cycle of birth and death.

Arjuna

Chapter 02, Verse 51

कर्मजं बुद्धियुक्ता हि फलं त्यक्त्वा मनीषिणः |

जन्मबन्धविनिर्मुक्ताः पदं गच्छन्त्यनामयम् || 51 ||

 karma-jam buddhi-yukta hi phalam tyaktva manisinah |

 janma-bandha-vinirmuktah padam gacchanty-anamayam || 51 ||

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
कर्मजं (karma-jam)
Born of actions
बुद्धि-युक्ताः (buddhi-yukta)
Endowed with wisdom
हि (hi)
Certainly
फलं (phalam)
Fruits (results)
त्यक्त्वा (tyaktva)
Having renounced
मनीषिणः (manisinah)
The wise ones
जन्म-बन्ध (janma-bandha)
Bondage of birth and death
विनिर्मुक्ताः (vinirmuktah)
Completely freed
पदं (padam)
State, destination
गच्छन्ति (gacchanti)
Attain, reach
अनामयम् (anamayam)
Beyond suffering (liberation, Moksha)

Translation

            “It is the wise, who are joined in union with wisdom, who in renunciation enjoy the fruits of action; freed from the bondage of birth and death, they attain the state beyond suffering (liberation).”

Context of the Verse

            Krishna describes that the goal of Karma Yoga is liberation from material birth and death.

Key Teachings in This Verse

            An Exalted Soul by Sacrifice, Receives Freedom (Buddhi-Yuktah Karma-Jam Phalam Tyaktva); the wise do it all selflessly and without desire for rewards. Because they renounce attachment to results, they do not build up new karma. It comes as (Janma-Bandha–vinirmuktah) That takes a person into the cycle of birth and death; desires and actions invoke birth and death. When karma is done without attachment rebirth does not happen. The highest state (Padam anamayam) The wise become free from pain and achieve eternal bliss (moksha). The aim of spiritual life is to attain this state, beyond birth, death, and suffering.

Relevance to Arjuna

            Krishna explains to Arjuna that if he performs his duty without any selfishness, it will give him peace as well as liberate him from all karma. If Arjuna fights selfishly and without motives, he will not achieve freedom (Moksha).

Explanation

            If you become free, you do not take birth again, you cease to exist. No as Krishna has already explained, there was never a time when we were not existing. There will never be a time when we will not exist, but we will gain freedom from this process of taking material bodies, birth and death happen to material bodies. We will continue to exist. How shall we continue to exist in a state beyond all the miseries of that place called Vaikuntha. So now the limitations of modern science do not provide us with knowledge about other planets or, life on other planets. So just like we have various elements in our body, there are earth, water, and fire. But apart from this body, there are places where only water exists. Water is predominant there; there is also life. Then only Earth is predominant. There is also life and only fire is predominant like the Sun Globe. There, too there is life; in a similar fashion, there are many planets where only Spirit souls exist. There is no matter at all. Now, because they are made up only of spiritual substance, time has no influence on them. They are eternal. So, because there is no temporary nature, there is no death, no disease, no old age, and no change introduced by time. So, the Vedas tell us not to waste this human form of life in transferring to other planets where the living standards could be better. But ultimately life will end; diseases and old age will happen. One should work to transfer oneself to a state of ‘anamayam,’ where there is no misery at all and that is called Vaikuntha. The supreme person lives on that planet.

            So that description, further we will understand in the Bhagavad Gita, very beautifully and elaborately Lord Krishna will explain. So, this is the aim of the uniform life. This is beyond Moksha, not just freedom from birth and death, but going to a spiritual planet and engaging in activities full of loving relationships with God and His associates.

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