yoga

VERSE 48

श्रीभगवानुवाच:

योगस्थः कुरु कर्माणि सङ्गं त्यक्त्वा धनञ्जय |

सिद्ध्यसिद्ध्योः समो भूत्वा समत्वं योग उच्यते || 48 ||

sri-bhagavan uvaca:

Yoga-sthah kuru karmani sangam tyaktva dhananjaya |

siddhy-asiddhyoh samo bhutva samatvam Yoga ucyate || 48 ||

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
श्रीभगवानुवाच: (sri-bhagavan uvaca)
The Supreme Lord said: This marks Krishna’s first direct speech in the Bhagavad Gita, where he begins guiding Arjuna.
योगस्थः (Yoga-sthah)
Being steadfast in Yoga
कुरु (kuru)
Perform
कर्माणि (karmani)
Actions (duties)
सङ्गं (sangam)
Attachment
त्यक्त्वा (tyaktva)
Abandoning
धनञ्जय (dhananjaya)
O Arjuna (winner of wealth)
सिद्धि (siddhi)
Success
असिद्ध्योः (asiddhyoh)
Failure
समः (samah)
Being equanimous
भूत्वा (bhutva)
Having become
समत्वं (samatvam)
Equanimity, balance
योगः (Yogah)
Yoga
उच्यते (ucyate)
Is called

Translation

            “Be steadfast in Yoga, O Arjuna, perform your duty and abandon all attachment to success or failure. This is what Yoga is, such equanimity.”

Context of the Verse

            This verse salutes the idea of Yoga as balance not only in the physical asanas but as mental practice of equanimity in every endeavour.

Key Teachings in This Verse

           Yoga-infused: One has to adapt to Yoga which is not meditation alone but to act without being attached to results. Do your duty faithfully, but relinquish anxiety about the outcome.

           Renounce attachment (Sanga Tyaktva); attachment to success and failure gives rise to suffering. Detachment and selflessness are representative qualities of a Yogi doing duty.

           Equanimity (Samatvam Yoga Ucyate); Yoga is maintaining a balanced mind in success and failure. One who is established in Yoga, one who is not disturbed by praise or blame, gain or loss is a person who is rooted in Yoga.

Relevance to Arjuna

           Arjuna develops the Bhagavad Gita which is centred around the cause that Krishna asked Arjuna to fight irrespective of his victory, as long as he stands by his Dharma (warrior’s duty). Through equanimity he will achieve peace of mind and spiritual development.

Explanation

            Siddhi Asadi, we do any activity because we want to see ourselves successful. We rejoice in success and we become very much disturbed, if we fail in our attempts, this is not Yoga. These kinds of activities create bondage. A Yogi can also do the same activity of studying, doing business, doing job or any other service. But how a Yogi acts without attachment to success or failure, ‘Siddhi Asadi Samaha Bhootha’ a person should not care, just like a soldier should not think. O why I am being ordered to fight? Will I win the war or I will lose the battle? If the soldier is ordered, you go and fight. The soldier should march ahead and fight without caring for profit and loss. This is called a Yogi. A Yogi understands what is the desire of God and he simply acts for the pleasure of God without caring for success or failure in that activity. This is called Yoga. Such equanimity is Yoga.

Arjuna

VERSE 49

दूरेण ह्यवरं कर्म बुद्धियोगाद्धनञ्जय |

बुद्धौ शरणमन्विच्छ कृपणाः फलहेतवः || 49 ||

durena hy avaram karma Buddhi-yogad dhanajaya |

buddhau saranam anviccha krpanah phala-hetavah || 49 ||

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
दूरेण (durena)
By far
हि (hi)
Certainly
अवरम् (avaram)
Inferior
कर्म (karma)
Action performed with selfish motive
बुद्धि-योगात् (Buddhi-yogat )
Than action performed with wisdom (karma Yoga)
धनञ्जय (dhananjaya)
O Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)
बुद्धौ (buddhau)
In intelligence (wisdom)
शरणम् (saranam)
Refuge, shelter
अन्विच्छ (anviccha)
Seek
कृपणाः (krpanah)
Miserable, pitiable
फल-हेतवः (phala-hetavah)
Those who seek the fruits of their actions

Translation

            “Action that is performed with a desire for results is far inferior to action that is performed with wisdom (BuddhiYoga), O Arjuna. Seek refuge in this wisdom; those who expect reward for their work are miserable creatures.”

Context of the Verse

           Krishna goes on to explain the superiority of selfless action (Karma Yoga), over that action which is motivated by attachment to the results of action.

Key Teachings in This Verse

            Dharmic practice is superior (Avaram Karma); desire-prompted action binds one to Karma and suffering. Such action, says Krishna, is “far inferior” to wisdom-guided action.

            Lodging refuge in wisdom (Buddhau Saranam Anviccha); a genuine refuge is in knowledge-based action that is done with no attachment. Wisdom enables you to be liberated from worry and suffering.

            Loathsome (Krpanah) are those who seek results (Phala); people who are obsessed with outcomes or results (Hetavah) are always stressed, fearful of failure, and greedy for success. They call Krpanah and miss the higher spiritual realisation.

Relevance to Arjuna

            Krishna tells Arjuna that action for results renders him weak and anxious. Only by being wise and detached from the result and doing his duty will he find inner peace and liberation.

Explanation

           So, this fruitive activity involves doing any activity so that you can enjoy the result. It is ‘Avaram. God is telling that it is abominable because it is stealing. It is just like a worker creating any product in the factory so that he can use it for his own self. That is stealing; that is abominable. That is criminal mentality. So, God has given everything. Everything should be offered simply to God. God is a person. This is the revelation of Bhagavad Gita. That is why God is called Bhagavan a person.

           And why is this person so demanding? Give it to me. Give it to me. No, actually, he’s not demanding. This demand is not of an autocratic ruler. This demand is that of an eternal lover. A lover. Express, please do it for me. Give something to me to eat that gives pleasure in the relationship. Thus, we will find further in the Bhagavad Gita that Krishna is telling ‘Patram Pushpam Phalam toyomi bhakta prachatai.’ If you are an ordinary person, you are not a very rich person. At least you can grow a plant in your house, which everybody can do and offer the leaf of that plant to me. Is it a very difficult task? You cannot even do that. At least you have water in your house; please offer that water to me.

           Why is Krishna telling this? Because Krishna knows. Unless we engage ourselves in this loving relationship with God, we will never be satisfied. And anyway, we are doing this activity. Nobody works very hard in this world. So that he can enjoy all the money and prosperity that he has, he uses those things for others. He uses them for the people and, for his family members. But unless one uses it in the service of God, there is no satisfaction in the heart.

           A person works very hard for their family. The family is never satisfied. They ask, what have you done for us. And the person, poor fellow, has worked his entire life only for the family to the best of his capacity. But they complain about what you have done, so neither the object of service is satisfied. Neither is the person who is rendering service is satisfied. So when the family is not there, especially in western countries, people have dogs and pets and they want to engage their money in their service. Sometimes they give all the property to dogs. Because a person wants loving reciprocation in their life. So, Krishna knows we living entities can never be satisfied unless we revive our loving relationship with God.

           So, Krishna is not in need of anything. He has everything. So when we offer the result of our activity to God, then what happens? This loving relationship is established and then that satisfies us so much we do not have any material desires. And when we do not have material desires, the nature is designed only to fulfil our desires. Then we will not have a material body and if we do not have a material body, we have a spiritual body and we go to the place where the personality of God is living. That place is called ‘Vaikuntha, Padam Bachamp Tiana Mayam’ that Krishna will explain. So, this is called a broad mentality. This is a loving relationship of liberal mindedness; Krishna has given me everything. Let me work just for Krishna and others with that mentality. Let me work so that I can enjoy. I can neither steal personally what I produce nor can we. I don’t use it for myself. I work very hard so that I can do charity and help others.

           One cannot do charity with stolen goods. That is also a crime. Everything that belongs to God should be used only for God. Now again, please do not think that service of God is exclusive of service to other living entities. We are part and parcel of God. Krishna will explain. So, service to God is automatic. So please do not think service of God will exclude service of family members service of nation. Service to other people. Animals rather all these living entities are automatically served.

           It is not that when we love God, we start hating our family members. No real love for the family arises. Then we love God. Otherwise, nobody can love even family. That is why even among the closest relationships, husband and wife, there is separation. There are so many divorces because people are interested in their own pleasure and, personal pleasure.

           But when we understand that when we love God, then we know my family members are also part and parcel of God. We cannot love a person and hit their fingers. So, we understand if we love God, we are also part of God, an inseparable part of God. So how can I hate them and love God? If it is brought into our life, then a person actually increases his love for his family members, increases his love for all species, and universal welfare happens automatically. If the family members don’t behave nicely, he understands. Oh, still, he should behave nicely because they are part and parcel of God. They may be in ignorance. They are offending me, but I know that they are part and parcel of God. How can I hurt them?

           Thus, all relationships are automatically improved and a person’s duties are automatically fulfilled, just like we do Prasad distribution. Sometimes people take it as poor feeding, so that is not poor feeding. We are distributing ‘prasadam’, the remnants of God to other living entities. By taking the rich and poor without discrimination, they all advance in their knowledge of God and in their love of God. But those people who are poor and hungry are also fed automatically, as social service is taken care of.

           Thus, if a person simply realizes one’s duties towards God, all other duties are automatically fulfilled. But if one forgets his duty towards God, then no, Sir, you cannot be charitable with stolen goods. Your object of charity will not be satisfied, nor will you be satisfied.

           So, Krishna is telling ‘Avaram Karma Tarpana Palheta’: do not become a miser in this human form of life. You can enjoy some temporary happiness by enjoying the results of your work, but then you are being a miser. You do not miss; you simply offer that to God instead of using it for your own self. You can attain the unlimited happiness for which you are hankering, and you can attain immortality.

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