krishna

VERSE 55

श्रीभगवानुवाच |

प्रजहाति यदा कामान्सर्वान्पार्थ मनोगतान् |

आत्मन्येवात्मना तुष्टः स्थितप्रज्ञस्तदोच्यते || 55 ||

sri-bhagavan uvaca |
prajahati yada kaman sarvan partha manogatan |
atmany evatmana tustah sthita-pragyas tadocyate || 55 ||

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
श्रीभगवानुवाच (sri-bhagavan uvaca)
The Blessed Lord said (Lord Krishna)
प्रजहाति (prajahati)
Completely renounces
यदा (yada)
When
कामान् (kaman)
Desires
सर्वान् (sarvan)
All
पार्थ (partha)
O Arjuna (Son of Pritha)
मनोगतान् (manogatan)
That exist in the mind
आत्मनि (atmani)
In the self
एव (eva)
Only
आत्मना (atmana) By oneself
By oneself
तुष्टः (tustah)
Fully satisfied
स्थितप्रज्ञः (sthita-pragyas)
One who is steady in wisdom
तदा (tada)
Then
उच्यते (ucyate)
Is said to be

Translation

            “The Blessed Lord said (Krishna said): O Partha (Arjuna), when one entirely renounces all desires that arise in the mind and is fully satisfied in the self alone, by the self, then such a person is said to be of steady wisdom (sthita-pragya).”

Context of the Verse

            Krishna describes the nature of a Stitha-Pragya (person of steady wisdom) by inner contentment and renunciation of desires

Key Teachings in This Verse

           Freedom from Desires (Prajahati Sarvan Kaman); a wise person does not run after materialistic wishes. “Kaman“ (desires) are temporary pleasures created in the mind. Real wisdom is when the external desires do not touch you.

           Feelings of Completeness (Atmany Eva Atmana Tustah); a free spirit seeks happiness within, not externally. Being fulfilled by one’s own true self: In Sanskrit, “Atmana Tustah.”

           Definition of Stitha-Pragya (Steady Wisdom); such a person is unaffected by outside circumstances. Their tranquillity is not based on material possessions, status in life, or sensory indulgences. Resonant in the purest aspect of their divine identity.

Relevance to Arjuna

           Krishna explains to Arjuna that the meaning of wisdom is internal, not external success. If Arjuna can fight without attachment, considering that his duty is an act of service to a higher cause, he, too, will attain this even-minded wisdom.

Explanation

           When a person gives up, all material desires. Any desire which is not for the satisfaction of Krishna when we directly want to enjoy our senses, that is called Kaam. It just does not mean only the gross sexual desire, but kaama means any kind of desire which is meant for direct enjoyment of senses without pleasing the senses of Krishna.

           So, a person whose consciousness is absorbed in transcendence, who is Krishna, conscious, and he gives up all such desires. Why gives us such desires? Because significant word used here is ‘Sarva and Partha Manhattan’ These material desires are actually the result of mental concoction. This is very important. Our minds suggest us something you please do this and you will become happy. And then we chase those suggestions of my thinking that I will actually become. But we have to understand, just like a small child, child’s mind suggests him so many desires. You get this toy, you’ll be happy. You eat mud, you will be happy, you eat many, many chocolates. You’ll be happy you don’t go to school; you will be happy. But all these are harmful desires.

           And we have seen previously the example of Maut. The mind of a Maut suggests, oh, this fire is so nice. If you have a closer look, you will be very, very happy and the Maut loses its life following the suggestion of mind. Thus, as long as the mind is contaminated by material energy, it is not liberated. One should not listen to the suggestions of mind.

           So just like following the suggestion of mind in case of child and Maut is very, very dangerous, it is dangerous for every conditioned soul. So, the suggestions of mind are because of association the material desires are actually because of association. We are hankering for this pleasure which a person can only attain in samadhi when he is absorbed in loving service of Krishna. Always thinking of Krishna in absence of such pleasure in life, then material desires arise in our life. We can understand it from the love affairs of this world also sometimes people leave all their comforts of rich house and family, the family don’t agree for marriage, and the young couple they live in a very humble circumstance. So why they are able to give up all the comforts of their wealthy families and they are able to live a simple life? Because there is love in life. So, we are all hankering for this loving relationship, but real loving relationship can be established only with God on material platform it does not stay.

           So, when there is no love in life, then automatically you want certain enjoyment and then you develop some mental concoction you develop association. You saw some drunkards and you assume that they are enjoying well, let me also drink wine and I will enjoy. Let me also smoke. I will enjoy from birth we were not having such desire or let me smoke, let me drink. But we had association of smokers and drunkards. So, such desire came into our mind. The students have certain desire. I want to crack this particular examination. Why this is also mental concoction we associated with certain people who were preparing or who had cracked those examinations or who gave value to that examination. And then we thought, oh, if I crack this exam, I will have recognition in society and then I will be happy. And then we started following this thing. It became our desire. So, our desires are the result of association. We are hungry for pleasures.

           Now, in association of such people, one Maut saw another Maut. Oh, let me also chase fire and then lost its life. So, in such association, we develop mentally concocted desires. And such desires do not actually give us happiness. So, a person whose consciousness is absorbed in Krishna, who is in transcendence, he is completely satisfied and thus the material desires do not arise in his heart. Therefore, he is able to able to give up all the material desires because he is very, very satisfied just like a man who has eaten till neck in a feast, he does not have any more desire to eat any of the tastiest dishes. Satisfaction is to be found on the platform of self, platform of soul, so we can find enjoyment on the external platform. There is a design you give sense objects to the senses and then there will be pleasure on the external platform, but a person who is absorbed in transcendence, who is ‘Stheta Pragya’ he takes pleasure internally. The soul, when it is engaged in the service of Super Soul, then there is internal self-pleasure, because such a Yogi is absorbed in the self-pleasure. He does not care, does not feel the need at all to satisfy the senses externally. So, this is first symptom. He will not have any material desires.

Duryodhana, yagya

VERSE 56

दुःखेष्वनुद्विग्नमना: सुखेषु विगतस्पृहः |

वीतरागभयक्रोधः स्थितधीर्मुनिरुच्यते || 56 ||

duhkhesv anudvigna-manah sukhesu vigata-sprha |
vita-raga-bhaya-krodhah sthita-dhir muni ucyate || 56 ||

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
दुःखेषु (duhkhesu)
In sufferings
अनुद्विग्नमना: (anudvigna-manah)
One whose mind is undisturbed
सुखेषु (sukhesu)
In pleasures
विगतस्पृहः (vigata-sprha)
Free from desires
वीतराग-भय-क्रोधः (vita-raga-bhaya-krodhah)
Free from attachment, fear, and anger
स्थितधीः (sthita-dhih)
One of steady intellect
मुनिः (munih)
A sage
उच्यते (ucyate)
Is called

Translation

            “One whose mind remains undisturbed in distress, who is free from craving for pleasure, and who has transcended attachment, fear, and anger is called a sage of steady wisdom (sthita-dhih munih).”

Context of the Verse

            Krishna continues describing the qualities of a truly wise person, explaining how such a person reacts to joy, sorrow, and emotions.

Key Teachings in This Verse

            Emotional Stability (Duhkhesv Anudvigna-Manah, Sukhesu Vigata-Sprha); a wise person does not get disturbed by sorrow nor overjoyed by pleasure. They accept both joy and suffering with equanimity.

            Freedom from Attachment, Fear, and Anger (Vita-Raga-Bhaya-Krodhah); Raga (Attachment), they do not cling to desires or possessions. Bhaya (Fear); they are fearless, knowing the eternal nature of the soul. Krodha (Anger); they do not react with anger or frustration.

            Definition of a Muni (Sage) & Stitha-Dhi (Steady Mind); such a person is called a sage (muni), one who has achieved self-mastery. Their mind remains steady regardless of external circumstances.

Relevance to Arjuna

            Krishna advises Arjuna to develop this state of mind so that he can perform his duty without being affected by joy, sorrow, or emotions. If he cultivates detachment and wisdom, he will remain calm and act righteously.

Dhritarashtra Krishna

Explanation

            The whole world gets disturbed when they have material problems, miseries, and they become very happy on finding material happiness. But a sage of steady mind is not disturbed by material happiness or distress because he is having complete faith in Krishna is completely dependent upon Krishna. Whenever he faces any miseries in life, he takes it as mercy of God, because miseries are also very much required. Then we have material miseries. We develop purification of consciousness. We develop detachment for this material world and detachment for material world is the result of all spiritual knowledge. So, this material world, as we discussed is it’s a very dangerous place. It is like a drop of water, which is there on the petal of Lotus. Any time with even a small gust of wind, it can fall down. And now in Kaliyuga, even in human species, there is so much disturbance. So, life is very, very uncertain. Anytime there is calamity, there is cure. There is distress, there is depression, there is accident. So, life in material world is full of danger.

            So thus, detachment from the material world is a great asset and that is brought about by material miseries. So, a devotee perfectly knows this fact. Whenever misery happens, he takes it. He understands not a blade of grass moves without the sanction of Krishna. So, the miseries are also taken as blessing as mercy of Krishna. He thinks I should suffer much more, but Krishna has minimized my misery. And when he is having material happiness, he is not very much carried away by it. He has no personal desire to enjoy in this world. He only desires to give pleasure to Krishna there for personal pleasure. If it comes in his life, he takes it as an opportunity to use these comforts to engage more enthusiastically and energetically in the service of Krishna. His only aim is to satisfy Krishna, give pleasure to Krishna.

            Thus, he is not very excited to have any personal pleasures in life, and he is also very happy if there are reversals in life, he takes it as mercy of Krishna. Thus, he is always equipoised and then it is very difficult to get freedom from raga attachment, fear and anger. Now, because the devotees aim is only to satisfy Krishna, he does not get attached to anything here. Just like a cashier who is sitting on the bank. He does not get attached with whatever money flow can happen. He’s seeing lot of money in front of him, but he understands this money does not belong to me. So that is why there is no attachment. So, devotee perfectly knows nothing belongs to me. My family members. Actually, they are Krishnas family. In this life, we have assembled together as we discussed, just like travellers assemble in a restaurant, so they are assembled, they belong to Krishna. My duties to take them to Krish. To make them advanced in this process of yoga. So thus, there is no undue and overly affection for the people around him. Similarly, the resources, the money, the appearance that he has, he understands I’m just a cashier and everything. This entire property belongs to Krishna, so that he does not develop attachment with people, place or resources because he understands. I’m just custodian of Krishnas property so there is no attachment in life. And people are very fearful, Oh, I may lose somebody, I may lose some money. I may lose my position. Because we are very much attached and because the devotee is not attached, he is free from fear. And when we are attached to material objects. We are not able to enjoy. Then anger arises ‘Krodha’ and when there is no tendency to enjoy the object for yourself. Then there is no anger at all. But simply this understanding that everything belongs to Krishna makes a devotee a transcendentalist, free from any kind of attachment fear and anger. can we imagine a state even the most successful people are fearful the most successful sportsmen, they are fearful of performance even though they are on top of world. They are fearful. The best of the performers in academics are very fearful. I may not lose my rank, so everybody in this material world is fearful. But a devotee is fearless. How nice is the consciousness and is free of anger as well.

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