krishna

Chapter 02 Verse 46

श्रीभगवानुवाच:

यावानर्थ उदपाने सर्वतः संप्लुतोदके |

तावान्सर्वेषु वेदेषु ब्राह्मणस्य विजानतः || 2.46 ||

sri-bhagavan uvaca:

yavan artha udapane sarvatah samplutodake |
tavan sarvesu vedesu brahmanasya vijanatah || 2.46 ||

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
श्रीभगवानुवाच: (sri-bhagavan uvaca)
The Supreme Lord said: This marks Krishna’s first direct speech in the Bhagavad Gita, where he begins guiding Arjuna.
यावान् (yavan)
As much as
अर्थः (arthah)
Need, utility
उदपाने (udapane)
In a well
सर्वतः (sarvatah)
Everywhere, from all sides
संप्लुतोदके (sampluta-udake)
In a vast reservoir of water (flooded water body)
तावान् (tavan)
That much
सर्वेषु (sarvesu)
In all
वेदेषु (vedesu)
The Vedas
ब्राह्मणस्य (brahmanasya)
Of the enlightened sage
विजानतः (vijanatah)
Who is in complete knowledge

Translation

            “For one who has realized the truth, all the Vedas are as useful as a tiny well when there is a wide reservoir of water everywhere.”

Context of the Verse

            Krishna explains the tertiary relationship of the Vedas to a person who is already true and whole.

Key Teachings in This Verse

            Well vs reservoir analogy; ritualistic Vedic knowledge gives access to little material benefits. As pure, unlimited truth is represented by a higher spiritual wisdom, the abundant water is provided by a huge reservoir.
            Limited role of rituals; the Vedas recommend rituals for material prosperity, heaven and temporary rewards mainly. One who is wise surpasses rituals since they see the reality that transcends materialistic desires.
            True knowledge is supreme; none of the Vedas or any of the processes mentioned in them are seen as objectives themselves by a spiritually realized person. They know Brahman (the absolute reality) and are free from the need for rituals to be happy.

Relevance to Arjuna

            Krishna then tells Arjuna that while the Vedic rituals have their place in the larger scheme of things, the true, eternal knowledge is greater still. Arjuna should be absorbed in his Dharma (duty) with spiritual insight rather than swayed by worldly benefits.

Explanation

            So, in India it was mainly full of villages, even now mainly the population lives in villages.

            The cities were very few: Hastinapur Dwarka, and very few cities. Mainly it was villages because people knew we were just travellers instead of building huge palatial apartments, let me save my efforts for spiritual salvation.

            So, they would live a simple life in villages. And how would they arrange water? There were no boring wells, so there were wells and there were different wells for different purposes: there would be one well in which you could take a bath, from another well you could take water for drinking purposes, then there was a third well for washing clothes and a fourth well for washing dishes.

            In this way there would be at least half a dozen wells in villages, but if you had a river in the village. Then there is no need for a well. Then all the activities can be carried out on the river bank. You can wash clothes there, you can take a bath, and you can fetch water for drinking because in flowing water there is no contamination. But in static water or wells there can be contamination.

            So here it is being explained that, if you have a river in your village, a big water reservoir, then there is no need to have small wells. There is no need to dig or make such a great effort.

            So similarly, a person who is a ‘Brahmana,’ a self-realized soul, who knows the purpose behind all the Vedas. Then he need not follow other religious formalities for gain or safety.

So, what is the purpose of the Vedas that Lord Krishna will explain in the Bhagavad Gita itself? Fifteen chapters.         

            “Veda Aisha servair, ahem, vedio Vedanta Krit achham” from all the Vedas I am to be known. So ultimately the end of knowledge is to understand the science of God. A person who understands Krishna, who understands God, then there is no need to follow any religious formalities or worry about gain or safety. So, this process of buddhi yoga is very nice.         

            Lord Krishna is explaining that automatically yoga and Shema will happen whatever gains are required for your comfortable living. Those gains will be arranged and whatever is required to be protected for a comfortable life. That protection will also follow. This is Buddhi yoga. So, people think if I follow spiritual life I will suffer in material life. I will have material discomfort. No spiritual life is all-inclusive; if we follow Buddhi yoga then not only are we making spiritual advancement but also all the material comforts follow automatically by the grace of the Supreme Lord. How is it so, Lord Krishna will explain.

Arjuna Renunciation

Chapter 02 Verse 47

श्रीभगवानुवाच:

कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन |

मा कर्मफलहेतुर्भूर्मा ते सङ्गोऽस्त्वकर्मणि || 2.47 ||

sri-bhagavan uvaca:

karmany-evadhikaras te ma phalesu kadacana |
ma karma-phala-hetur bhur ma te sango stvakarmani || 2.47 ||

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
श्रीभगवानुवाच: (sri-bhagavan uvaca)
The Supreme Lord said: This marks Krishna’s first direct speech in the Bhagavad Gita, where he begins guiding Arjuna.
कर्मणि (karmani)
In action (your prescribed duty)
एव (eva)
Only
अधिकारः (adhikarah)
Right, entitlement
ते (te)
Your
मा (ma)
Never
फलेषु (phalesu)
In the fruits (results)
कदाचन (kadacana)
At any time
मा (ma)
Never
कर्मफलहेतुः (karma-phala-hetuh)
Motivated by the results of action
भूः (bhuh)
Be
मा (ma)
Never
ते (te)
Your
सङ्गः (sangah)
Attachment
अस्तु (astu astu)
Be there
अकर्मणि (akarmani)
In inaction

Translation

            “Your right is only to do your work, never to the fruits of your work. Do not be driven by results nor be bound by inaction.”

Context of the Verse

            And this is one of the most well-known and important verses of the Bhagavad Gita, where Krishna introduces the technique of Karma Yoga (i.e. selfless action).

Key Teachings in This Verse

            Perform your duty without attachment to results; we are responsible for our actions, and not the results. But the results are based on many factors, including divine will and past karma.

            Actions taken with selfish intent; do not. It is slavery, untamed decisions of bondage, disappointment and revenge. Karma means to do your work, but with so much dedication and sincerity that level of dedication would never come in regards of rewards.

            Avoid inaction (Akarma); however, some do nothing at all, because they fear failing. Krishna cautions that laziness or escapism is unacceptable; duty must be done with detachment.

Relevance to Arjuna

            That Krishna told Arjuna to fight not to win or gain a kingdom, but because it is his Dharma (duty) as a warrior. If Arjuna then acts without selfish desire, he can become freed from desire and thus achieve inner peace and liberation.

Relevance to Arjuna

            Install this habit in your mind, never think that you are the cause of the result of your work and never get attached to avoid doing your karma. So, this is the very important and famous verse of Buddhi Yoga that everybody knows but people missing the crux do not understand the actual import. So here Lord Krishna is saying you have a right to perform your duty but you don’t have a right on the result of the activity. So, somebody will tell. Oh, really? I have a right to do my work, I do not have a right to the result, and I do not have a right to my salary. Correct, that’s the right understanding. You can only control your own actions, but you cannot control the outcome that is being created in the process of action.

            Then how is it so? Why wouldn’t you? So, it is basically a simple understanding of buddhi yoga. This isn’t something we need much intelligence to know. We only see the species around us when we observe the world. Every plant and tree that we have, gives some kind of grains, fruits etc. Now imagine if the plant in the field says, ‘I stood here, you didn’t, and I stood here facing the heat the cold and even the light, and I generated these grains; therefore, they are mine.’ I’m not going to give it to humans, I’m not going to give it to other animals. Then human beings and animals will die. If the mango tree says, ‘I own this mango, I am responsible for this mango.’ And I will not provide it to anyone. What shall we eat? If there are no leaves forthcoming from the tree? It barks. It’s good to us. How shall we make our houses? So, we also need to understand that in nature there is a very nice symbiotic arrangement.

            Like some factory workers, say someone working in a mobility factory. The technology equipment, materials and the training given to manufacture the mobile handsets have all been provided by the proprietor of the firm. The worker can’t tell I’ve assembled this handset, so I’ll take it home with me. Just because he performs some activity, he has no claim to the outcome of it. It is in the same way owned by the owner. All those actions that we are doing from this body. This is not our body. We have not created this brain, this intelligence. So, the skills the body and the matter that we manipulate to create a little effect in this world are also matters that we have not created. So, all the raw materials, the ingredients, the training, the body, the brain intelligence, everything is given by God. So indeed, the outcome is in the hands of God. We are not entitled to the outcome. So, God has a plan to use it to enhance the welfare of all the other species.” Krishna also suggests in the 12th chapter that if we are unable to understand that it belongs to God, we can use it here. You apply for social general purposes for so-called pious activities and charity. But you shall not enjoy everything for yourself.

            Unfortunately, what is happening in society now is that, we think whatever I earn is mine. I will enjoy it. Whatever miracle, I have created to be mine, I will love it. This is ignorance. We are meddling with the laws of nature. Without the harvests of the plants and trees, there is no civilization.

            Human beings have got some freedom which they should use in the service of God. He exercises that freedom by becoming independent of God. So, this is really a bad mentality. Hence Lord Krishna is saying that you have the right to perform your duties; however, there should be no expectation from the results. Then, how am I supposed to take care of myself? Yes, we can take it for maintenance. For survival, for body and soul to stay together. That much contentment I can afford and beyond that, it should be utilized in the service of God.

            You do result you offer me, because I am the proprietor, that Lord Krishna will gradually reveal, his identity; I am the supreme proprietor. Everything belongs to me. Then do not let your activity be the cause of you. Activity for personal pleasure creates karma bondage because in this case I become the cause of that activity. If I do what I say is good activity I have helped some people and done a lot of charity. Then I asked if I did this charity for my pleasure? Oh, yes, I will enjoy name and fame not keeping the pleasure of God in mind, not chained to God’s direction. The money would then return to us. That money we should take one more birth to get back. And as soon as we take birth, then the pains of birth, staying in the womb of the mother, so many diseases, old age, and death also follow

            That’s why we get caught up in the bondage of action and reaction, so it is said do not do any work for your pleasures, you will feel good in helping someone else, and you will feel good when you eat some delicacies. So, I’ll work really hard so I can eat well.” You are proud to showcase your property to others. So, you are working? No. If you are doing any action for you’re feeling good, then you become the reason for the action and you have to face the result of that action.

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