brahman

Chapter 05, Verse 19

श्रीभगवानुवाच:

इहैव तैर्जितः सर्गो येषां साम्ये स्थितं मनः।

निर्दोषं हि समं ब्रह्म तस्माद् ब्रह्मणि ते स्थिताः॥5.19॥

sri-bhagavan uvaca:

 ihaiva tair jitah sargo yesam samye sthitam manah।

nirdosam hi samam brahma tasmad brahmani te sthitah॥5.19॥

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
श्रीभगवानुवाच: (sri-bhagavan uvaca)
The Supreme Lord said: This marks Krishna’s first direct speech in the Bhagavad Gita, where he begins guiding Arjuna.
इहैव (ihaiva)
Here itself (in this world)
तैः (taih)
By them
जितः (jitah)
Conquered
सर्गः (sargah)
Birth and death (material creation)
येषाम् (yesam)
Whose
साम्ये (samye)
In equanimity
स्थितं (sthitam)
Situated
मनः (manah)
Mind
निर्दोषं (nirdosam)
Faultless
हि (hi)
Indeed
समं (samam)
Equal
ब्रह्म (brahma)
The Absolute / Brahman
तस्मात् (tasmat)
Therefore
ब्रह्मणि (brahmani)
In Brahman
ते (te)
They
स्थिताः (sthitah)
Are situated

Translation

            “Men of settled mind in sameness and in equanimity have already conquered the conditions of life and death. They are perfect like Brahmans, they are already in Brahman.

Context of the Verse:

            This verse is from Chapter 5  “Karma Sannyasa Yoga” (The Yoga of Renunciation of Action). In this verse, Krishna explains the features of a real Gyani (wise person) or Yogi. There is the realization that the preservation of mental equanimity, seeing all men equally, leads to spiritual freedom even whilst living in an embodied personality.

            In the previous verses, Krishna has been speaking about seeing Brahman (Supreme Consciousness) in all beings. This verse is based on that concept, stating that whoever sees the equal vision, without being agitated by this duality has already transcended the ropes of material life.

Key Teachings in This Verse:

  • Vision of equality: By obtaining the right knowledge, one is able to visualize all being the same, despite the external differences.
  • A Conqueror Here: That one has conquered birth and death already; even while alive.
  • In Brahman: He who is calm of mind is Brahman himself.
  • Purity of Mind: The purity of mental state is akin to the pure nature of Brahman.

Relevance to Arjuna:

  • For Arjuna, torn apart by the emotional agony of fighting his own flesh and blood, this verse;
  • Strengthens the necessity for mental equilibrium and detached impartiality.
  • Leads him to consider reality above physical appearances, realizes the eternality of the soul.
  • Urges him to transcend binaries like pleasure/pain and friendship/enmity, which cloud his vision.
  • Reminds that doing one’s duty with equal and steady mind is, indeed, liberation and not bondage.
krishna

Chapter 05, Verse 20

न प्रहृष्येत् प्रियम् प्राप्य नोद्विजेत् प्राप्य चाप्रियम्।

स्थिरबुद्धिरसम्मूढो ब्रह्मविद् ब्रह्मणि स्थितः॥5.20॥

na prahrsyet priyam prapya nodvijet prapya capriyam।

sthirabuddhir asammudho brahmavid brahmani sthitah॥5.20॥

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
न (na)
Not
प्रहृष्येत् (prahrsyet)
Should rejoice
प्रियम् (priyam)
The pleasant / desirable
प्राप्य (prapya)
Having obtained
न (na)
Not
उद्विजेत् (udvijet)
Should be disturbed
प्राप्य (prapya)
Having obtained
च (ca)
And
अप्रियम् (apriyam)
The unpleasant / undesirable
स्थिरबुद्धिः (sthirabuddhih)
Steady in intellect
असम्मूढः (asammudhah)
Unbewildered
ब्रह्मविद् (brahmavit)
Knower of Brahman
ब्रह्मणि (brahmani)
In Brahman
स्थितः (sthitah)
Is established

Translation

            “One who is not elated when there is happiness, not depressed when there’s distress, who is free from fear, attachment, and anger, who is pondering on life seriously. And who can know, the science of God is already of course in transcendence.

Context of the Verse:

            This is what the previous verses are talking about-the equanimity. Krishna reveals about the mental stability of a one who knows Brahman (Brahma-vid), such a one is not affected by the dualities of good and bad/joy and sorrow.

            Whereas the previous verse (5.19) stressed equality at the level of the mind, this verse speaks of steadiness of emotion in varying external conditions, be they positive or negative.

Key Teachings in This Verse:

  • Not Attached to Fruits: As a wise man he does not get elated or depressed for the result that comes from outside.
  • Emotional Stability: A sound heart is the life of the flesh.
  • Knowledge of Brahman: Such a person is a knower of Brahman, and they are in harmony with Brahman.
  • Moksha-The Liberation: Clarity and liberation from the confusion of mind is very important for spiritual realization.

Relevance to Arjuna:

            To calm the emotionally distraught Arjuna, who can’t stand to fight against his family and teachers:

  • This verse instructs him to transcend emotional responses related to results.
  • It is a call to act with lucidity and calm, because detachment leads to freedom, not apathy.
  • Through which Krishna indirectly explains that to do one’s duty without inclination wonkiness is the hallmark of spiritual enlightenment.

Explanation:

            So if you wish to reach a platform of liberation, this equanimity is very, very crucial.

            Which is not someone being happy when having got something good and not unhappy if one gets something bad. Ever the same, ever tranquil in everything.

dharma

Chapter 05, Verse 21

बाह्यस्पर्शेष्वसक्तात्मा विन्दत्यात्मनि यत्सुखम्|

स ब्रह्मयोगयुक्तात्मा सुखमक्षयमश्नुते॥5.21॥

bahyasparsesv asaktama vindaty atmani yat sukham|

sa brahma-yoga-yuktatma sukham aksayam asnute॥5.21॥

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
बाह्यस्पर्शेषु (bahya-sparsesu)
In external sense pleasures
असक्तात्मा (asakta-atma)
One who is unattached in the self
विन्दति (vindaty)
Attains
आत्मनि (atmani)
In the self
यत् (yat)
That which
सुखम् (sukham)
Happiness / joy
स (sah)
That person
ब्रह्मयोगयुक्तात्मा (brahma-yoga-yukta-atma)
One whose self is united with Brahman
सुखम् (sukham)
Happiness
अक्षयम् (aksayam)
Eternal / imperishable
अश्नुते (asnute)
Enjoys / experiences

Translation

            “A person who is thus transcendentally situated at once realizes the Supreme Brahman and becomes fully joyful. Such indeed is the case for the men of self-realization, the men of the supreme do they however they know: thus is the infinite delight of pure happiness enjoyed by thee.”

Context of the Verse:

            This verse is Chapter 5, Verse 11 of the Bhagavad Gita. “The one who is without a sense of possession thus is really established in the essence of that Yoga or the true nature of being a wise person” informs Krishna to a disciple, Arjuna. One who does not rely on sense experience to feel good, but receives genuine everlasting happiness within – in communion with the divine (Brahman).

            Krishna is comparing the short-lived pleasure that arises from transacting with the world outside and the imperishable fulfilment as who lives established in thought of the Lord and dissolves himself in him.

Key Teachings in This Verse:

  • Disengagement from Externals: Emancipation from external objects is the calibre of peace which is true happiness i.e. peace with all its elements that has no sway of the senses and does not move to the object of sense.
  • Interior Happiness: The supreme bliss is within in the Self (Atman), not in the outside objects.
  • Brahma-Yoga (Union with Brahman): The disciples who are merged in the highest (Brahman) – their bliss is immortal.
  • Eternal vs Temporary Pleasure: Physical pleasure is temporal and produce suffering- mental pleasure is eternal without decay.

Relevance to Arjuna:

  • Krishna instructs Arjuna, who is mired in self-doubt and moral cowardice as the two armies march to battle, to transcend his doubts and see the world in relation to the universal harmony of the absolutes seeking to reconcile order with chaos.
  • This verse is asking for him to find his peace and strength within himself, not to rely on temporary things, (war, victory, or losing a war).
  • Krishna is aiming Arjuna toward the state of the wise yogi who is able to act independently of pleasure or pain, success or failure.

Explanation:

            So, there are pleasures of various kinds. Lord Rishabh Dave says, O my dear children do not waste this human form of life. It is a valuable thing, this human dress. Do not waste it in procuring the pleasures which even the animals are having! At present in the materialistic society, sex pleasure is the topmost pleasure, but animals also do not have half time sex in the day.

            They have sex many times within an hour. We’ll get tired. We cannot do that either. Therefore, human body is meant for self-realization. So, animal bodies, they have so much of sense, enjoyment, but is that sense enjoyment solving their problems of life after sex problem remains the same; sex may create many more problems. So, you are not here meant you are you don’t spoil your human energy effort in order to get the pleasures, like animal also gets, it’s very low-grade pleasure. Your action should be totally for self-purification, bringing purity in existence. Why should I purify myself? It’s because when you purify yourself, you feel extremely good. There are levels of delight. Now, we all know that as a sometimes. The young people are misguided. Come with us, their friends tell them, enter today we will show you new delight. And they take them to drugs. And then when you do drugs it’s very high pleasure, but such a high pleasure. Takes a whole bunch of things, physical, you know, mental, social, the works. But for sure, it’s a very elevated form of pleasure. So then, there is only one high grade pleasure that has no unpleasant or melancholy consequences. And that Brahma Sukh – that is spiritual happiness.

            So, as this instruction is, given in the Bhagavad Gita. This is what the all the Achariya, and Saints and Lord Krishna want us human, why are you behaving like if you are miser? Just going for sense pleasure. And the animals enjoy it to.

            So, in this way, you simply meditate on Lotus Feet of Krishna within your mind, this inner pleasure is very, very great. If you think about the sex pleasure, it makes your mouth go down in disgust. This is the joy of Yoga. Just by thinking of Lotus Feet of Krishna, now this stage of course needs some practice under Bonafide spiritual master but a person can sit anywhere just think of Lotus Feet of Krishna or chant his names and become merged in unlimited happiness.

            So that is what Krishna is talking about here. In this way, the self-realised enjoys unlimited happiness, since what he focuses on is the supreme. Why Great Kings King is a having all the wealth in the world? Why they would leave? This was a culture. The kings had abandoned the kingdom and gone to Jungle. They would die away As Rishabh Dav is going, Parikshit Maharaj went, Yudhisthir Maharaj went, everybody goes.

            Why someone’s going to jungle in retirement, now people want to have fun because they know. The ones who know what is the best joy of life? That they can sit anywhere, that an advanced person can sit after just a little practice.

            Just recite and listen to the names of the Lord. He can think about God’s forms, or he can be active in his service. Also tell others about God, preach it also to others, sing and dance, in the lotus feet of Lord he gets unlimited internal happiness.

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