doubt

Chapter 04, Verse 40

श्रीभगवानुवाच:

अज्ञश्चाश्रद्दधानश्च संशयात्मा विनश्यति |

नायं लोकोऽस्ति परो सुखं संशयात्मन: || 4.40||

 

sri-bhagavan uvaca:

agyas casraddadhanas ca samsayatma vinasyati|

nayam loko sti na paro na sukham samsayatmanah|| 4.40||

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
श्रीभगवानुवाच: (sri-bhagavan uvaca)
The Supreme Lord said: This marks Krishna’s first direct speech in the Bhagavad Gita, where he begins guiding Arjuna.
अज्ञः (agyah)
The ignorant person
च (ca)
And
अश्रद्दधानः (asraddadhanah)
The faithless person
च (ca)
And
संशयात्मा (samsayatma)
One who is doubtful
विनश्यति (vinasyati)
Perishes
न (na)
Neither
अयम् (ayam)
This (material) world
लोकः (lokah)
World
अस्ति (asti)
Exists for him
न (na)
Nor
परः (parah)
The next (spiritual world)
न (na)
Nor
सुखम् (sukham)
Happiness
संशयात्मनः (samsayatmanah)
For the one who doubts

Translation

            “But those who are ignorant and faithless doubt the reveal scriptures and are not God-conscious. Here is happiness for the doubting soul. Not in this world, or in the next.”

Context of the Verse:

            These are the words of Lord Krishna to Arjuna as mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 5 – Verse 10. Background This verse forms part of the continuing teachings of Lord Krishna to Arjuna on Gyana Yoga and Karma Yoga (as mentioned in verses 5(2) to 5 (10)) on what is knowledge and what is action and how knowledge and action are to be pursued to achieve spiritual liberation or Moksha. Chapter 4 In these verses Krishna is discussing the necessity of faith, knowledge, and work to understand the truth. Verse 40 is a reminder of the perils of doubt and unbelief and more especially of doubt in spiritual knowledge and duty.

Key Teachings in This Verse:

  • There are three kinds of people that retard the speed of spiritual progress.
  1. The ignorant (Agyas): they who are without knowledge.
  2. The Unbelievers (Asraddadhanah): the ones who do not believe in the teachings.
  3. The doubted (Samsayaatma): those who doubt spiritual truth at every step.
  • Limiting belief is a danger to the spiritual potential: He fails in both worldly life and liberation.
  • Belief and confidence are necessary: Without them, happiness and satisfaction are not feasible.

Relevance to Arjuna:

            Arjuna is confused and morally troubled about fighting in the battle. This verse is a visible warning and an address to him, saying:

  • If he allows doubt to become stronger than his reason and faith, he will never be successful, neither in this world, nor in the next.
  • He needs to develop faith in the scripture of Krishna and live by it, without brokers’ doubts in Krishna Overcome these and you are the hero.

Explanation:

            Now, when you people are inimical due to ignorance, we have doubt. If a man be sick, in the other way, he can never taste anything but bitter, for everything is bitter to a sick man. So, in the same way, those which are diseased, that means all of us we are diseased with this bodily concept of life, that “I am this body. ” We are never sceptical about the existence of spirit, the existence of Supreme Spirit. We have so much doubt because of this disease of bodily concept. Sure those are the one who always remain sceptical. Krishna says for him there is no happiness neither in this life nor in the next he is always in distress.

            Person is saying, ‘Come, sit on this bus.’ I will get you out of there. No, you’ll kidnap me. You’ll take my money. What if people had doubted him who was true and willing to deliver? Then what can be done? So, Krishna is God. He’s going to save us all happiness. But if you question about this knowledge, Krishna says now there will be misery. Every law of nature is referred to. If we have uncertainty and we do not engage, then now we will endure and also later we will endure.

            So now Krishna is going to tell how to come out of this doubt then, that’s also Krishna saying in the next Verse 41.

Renunciation

Chapter 04, Verse 41

योगसन्न्यस्तकर्माणं ज्ञानसञ्छिन्नसंशयम्

आत्मवन्तं कर्माणि निबध्नन्ति धनञ्जय ॥ 4.41॥

yoga-sannyasta-karmanam gyana-sanchinna-samsayam

atmavantam na karmani nibadhnanti dhananjaya ॥ 4.41॥

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
योग-सन्न्यस्तकर्माणम् (yoga-sannyasta-karmanam)
One who has renounced actions through yoga
ज्ञान-सञ्छिन्न-संशयम् (gyana-sanchinna-samsayam)
Whose doubts have been destroyed by knowledge
आत्मवन्तम् (atmavantam)
Who is self-realized or self-controlled
न (na)
Not
कर्माणि (karmani)
Actions
निबध्नन्ति (nibadhnanti)
Bind
धनञ्जय (dhananjaya)
O Dhananjaya (another name for Arjuna)

Translation

            “Hence, the man who has renounced the fruits of his work, whose doubts are rent by knowledge that is above the senses and who is self-possessed, kills nothing with his acts, nor is a slave to what he conquers.”

Context of the Verse:

            The verse is in the context of the teachings of Chapter 4, where Krishna explains the path of the Gyana Yoga (Yoga of Knowledge) and how the Karma (Action) doesn’t make one bound if done with right wisdom and spirit of detachment. Having revealed the value of knowledge and the process of acquiring it, Krishna now illustrates the condition of one who has reached this state of wisdom.

Key Teachings in This Verse:

  • Yogic Renunciation: Renunciation is not to refuse to work; it is to work without fruit.
  • Power of Knowledge: If doubts are removed by wisdom, the person is liberated.
  • Self-Realization: A man rooted in the Self (Atman) is unvanquished and unattached to action.
  • Freedom from Karma: Actions have no impact on one who is established in knowledge and self-restraint.

Relevance to Arjuna:

  • Arjuna remains in a state of doubt and a moral dilemma with regards to fighting. Krishna recites this verse to urge him on.
  • Krishna, by calling him Dhananjaya, reminds him of his power, of which he has a store.
  • This verse tells Arjuna that the knowledge and self-awareness can liberate him from the terror of sin or the bondage of actions, asking him to get up from his state of confusion and act.
sin

Chapter 04, Verse 42

तस्मादज्ञानसंभूतं हृत्स्थं ज्ञानासिनाऽत्मनः

छित्त्वैनं संशयं योगमातिष्ठोत्तिष्ठ भारत ॥4.42॥

tasmad agyana-sambhutam hrt-stham gyanasinatmanah

chuttvainam samsayam yogam atistha uttistha bharata ॥4.42॥

Word-by-Word Analysis

Word Meaning
तस्मात् (tasmat)
Therefore
अज्ञान-सम्भूतम् (agyana-sambhutam)
Born of ignorance
हृत्स्थम् (hrt-stham)
Residing in the heart
ज्ञान-ासिना (gyana-asinat)
By the sword of knowledge
आत्मनः (atmanah)
Of the self
छित्त्वा (chittva)
Having cut off
एनम् (enam)
This (doubt)
संशयम् (samsayam)
Doubt
योगम् (yogam)
Yoga (discipline/action)
आतिष्ठ (atistha)
Take refuge in / Stand in
उत्तिष्ठ (uttistha)
Arise
भारत (bharata)
O descendant of Bharata (Arjuna)

Translation

            “With the weapon of knowledge cut asunder, then, this doubt of thine, born of ignorance. Equipped with yoga, O Bharata, stand and fight.”

Context of the Verse:

            Verses 34-42:38 This verse is the end of Chapter 4: “Gyana Karma Sanyasa Yoga“(Yoga of Knowledge and Renunciation of Action). Lord Krishna has just finished discussing the significance of spiritual knowledge and unselfish work. In this last verse of the chapter, Krishna instructs Arjuna to dispel his inner delusion and doubt by the knowledge that removes confusion, and to act decisively with the discipline of Selfless action, Karma Yoga.

Key Teachings in This Verse:

  • Annihilation of Doubt: Doubt is ignorance that veils the knowledge of reality and a barrier to spiritual emancipation and decisive action.
  • Sword of Knowledge: Knowledge is symbolized as sword that is sharp enough to cut through illusion or Maya.
  • Self-struggle and self-discipline: Krishna says it is essential that Arjuna puts on the courage of effort and follows the discipline of Karma Yoga.
  • Empowerment: “It’s time to stop everything and say ‘This is it’! You don’t have to accept what you have been told, because the power of the mind to dream of something different, something that feels true, exists.”

Relevance to Arjuna:

  • Arjuna has been paralyzed by moral indecision over whether to fight in the war.
  • This verse is Krishna’s forceful exhortation that, with spiritual knowledge in tow, Arjuna’s should get over his reluctance.
  • It’s an optimistic reminder of the urgency to act rationally not reflexively.

Explanation:

            So, doubts can be annihilated by transcendental knowledge. And how to get transcendental knowledge.” Answer is in Verse number 34. As if, you know, we have doubts, of course you have doubts. Suppose I want to study something, we go to a teacher to clear doubts. When it’s past our capacity to understand, then we must turn to a teacher, so even questions are natural. We get doubts in anything we learn, so how do we get out of it? We accost a teacher in the like manner.

            Unless we are in Sadhana that we want to approach a teacher frankly those doubts will always remain therefore in order to come out, we come out of this doubt in this birth and solving the miseries of this life in the next. We need to go to a teacher. And if we are really, really, earnest, then from the heart will Krishna guide. If you want to be atheist then Krishna will direct you and if you want to be thoughtful that is sense.

            Let’s study more into this, so this little Shraddha that we had and if you develop some eagerness, let me search out, an expert spiritual master and let me ask. Then Krishna will direct from the heart, but one must be a very sincere person, without any material objective to learn this science of the soul. Then he will give us writing to conform to the spiritual master, that’s all, and then we have to execute, little rules and regulations, that’s all.

            I have been asked, if someone’s sick to come out of the doubt that arises regarding eatable, when the doctor asks, you can taste or this is sour, this is sweet, this is very tasty, this is not properly cooked. Then he knows the exact taste of the food. And also, at the time when we just hear the instruction of spiritual master and we engage in the service of Krishna.

            Therefore, performing the type of service as mentioned here in this verse, taking shelter of Krishna and chanting the name of Krishna by this faith we have explained. Krishna reveals him himself. Doubts are destroyed. So, under the instruction of spiritual master, one should learn the art of serving Krishna and chanting the names of Krishna.

            Then a person who doesn´t have any doubt, a person who´s situated in the liberated platform – even though a person is doing like a warrior, he´s supposed to do as Anjuna – he won´t get entangled in Karmam. So, the result of this chapter is we are all entangled in material world in the propensity for action.

            It is that same tendency to act that can set us free from all this activity.” This is just one example like we do if we are facing the issue of overtaking to milk then we get the same milk to take in the form of another product of milk i.e. curds or yogurt to get rid of the indigestion of milk only. Thus, only milk consumed in other ways removes the sufferings that are caused by milk.

            So that action which is directed only by the spiritual master can actually relief you from the material actions of the past or material actions of the life and in this scientific way of doing action under the instruction of spiritual master for the pleasure of the Krishna this is called Yagyam. So, Arjuna is informed that don’t imagine that if you don’t act, you are going to be free from Karma. But you have to act for, for sacrifice, for the pleasure of Krishna, then the same action will be your liberation. We are bound by our actions; we are liberated by our actions. Somebody has to know the signs very, very well.” What is Karma, that is for freedom (Moksa). Acting against spiritual injunctions.

            What are Fruit Karma of all kind. So, all this is very beautifully explained by Lord Krishna here. So, the goal is to come to the point of establishing Akarma Karma, to act without reaction in such a way.

So, this explanation once again for Arjuna appears confusing and he asks another question to clarify even further which is coming in the next chapter.

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